A first question to be raised is why do we need integrated LUT policies. In many EU cities we see that current trends are unsustainable and neither Land Use nor Transport policies alone are sufficient to tackle existing problems. On the contrary, integrated LUT policies implemented through a range of instruments and measures can help to enhance economic competitiveness, to improve the environment and to augment social cohesion by:
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Reducing the need to travel;
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Reducing car dependency and motorised individual transport;
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Reducing the development of greenfield land;
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Reducing the disparities and imbalances in the costs of living, travelling and providing public services, without hampering the growth of urban and regional economies;
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Reducing the transaction costs in a number of city marketplaces: by widening the range of accessible land plots and buildings available on the real estate market; by facilitating the accessibility of employees to a wider range of employment options on the local labour market; by improving mobility and accessibility to local retail services for a wider range of customers - including visitors as well as residents - and finally by promoting new transport markets (e.g. through licensing of flexible transport services).